Arrays

• A data structure for storing data of the same data type in contiguous memory space.
• Reduces the need for declaring variables to store associated data and facilitates easy processing of calculations using constructs like loops.

💡 Arrays are not data types; they are data structures.

Example: Declaring an array capable of holding 8 characters of type 'char’

public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
     char[] str = { 's', 'o', 'f', 't', 'w', 'a', 'r', 'e' };
      System.out.println(str); // software
}
}

Loops

While Loop

int i = 0; // Helper variable declaration
while(i < 10) { // Condition in parentheses
i++; // Update helper variable
}

Example: Infinite while loop

while(true){
// Infinite loop
}

for Loop

• for: Signals the start of the loop.
• (start; condition; update) is written in sequence.
• int index = 0;: Variable used for the condition.
• index < integers.length;: Logical expression. If true, execute the code inside the curly braces. If false, exit the loop.
• index++: Increment the index by 1.
• {} Curly braces: Contains the logic to execute when the logical expression of the loop is true.

Example: Loop to iterate over each character in an array