Handling Errors/Exceptions in Java with try-catch-finally Construct:

To manage errors or exceptions during the execution of a code block, Java employs the try-catch-finally construct. The basic structure is as follows:

try {
    // Code that may throw errors/exceptions
} catch (ExceptionType ex) {
    // Code to handle the exception
} finally {
    // Code always executed, regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not
    // Perform cleanup or resource release here
}

For instance, consider the following code that catches an exception potentially thrown when parsing a number from an input string:

String input = "";
// Capture input from the user...

int number;
try {
    number = Integer.parseInt(input);
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
    number = -1; // Assign a default value
}

Key Rules about try-catch-finally Construct in Java:

1. The catch block can be optional. For example:

try {
    number = Integer.parseInt(input);
} finally {
    number += 100;
}

1. The finally block is also optional, but its code is always executed, irrespective of whether an exception is thrown or not.

   An exception is if there is a System.exit() command executed in either the try or catch block. In such cases, the finally block won't be executed. For instance:

try {
    number = Integer.parseInt(input);
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
    number -= 100;
    if (number < 0) {
        System.exit(0);
    }
} finally {
    number += 100; // This block won't be executed if System.exit() is called
}

Java SE 1.7 Enhancement: Try-with-Resources Statement:

With the release of Java SE 1.7, an additional form of the try-catch statement is introduced, known as the try-with-resources statement.